Political Research In Islamic World

fa گردهمایی حج، نماد و نشانه حقوق همبستگی از نسل سوم حقوق بشر The Hajj Gathering, a Symbol and Sign of Solidarity Rights from the Third Generation of Human Rights تخصصي Special پژوهشي Research حج به‌عنوان عبادتی با اثری سیاسی به دلیل ماهیت و امکان اثربخشی آن در بعد و سطح جهانی را میتوانیم از مصادیق حقوق همبستگی بدانیم که در نسل یا طبقه سوم حقوق بشر مطرح میگردد. این حقوق معروف به حقوق جمعی و متعلق به فرد اما در قالب یک جامعه است. حقوقی همچون حق بر صلح هم در معنی و مفهوم منفی آن که نبود و عدم جنگ است و هم در مفهوم مثبت آن که همکاری و تعامل میان ملتها و دولتها است، حق بر توسعه، حق تعیین سرنوشت و حق بر برخورداری از محیط زیست سالم از مرزهای ملی و قلمروها میگذرد و بیانگر همبستگی و اتحاد میان انسانها است. بانگاه به الزامات و رفتارهای مدنظر دینی، حج به مثابه نمادی از حقوق همبستگی متبلور میشود. چرا که هم در آن رضایت فردی شرکت کننده در این مناسک که از خاصیتها و ویژگیهای آن، حرکت در امتداد هم و در راستای جمع است تحقق مییابد و هم اتحاد و یکدلی گروههای انسانی فارغ از مرزهای تصنعی ایجاد شده ملی و ویژگیهای فردی انسانها و آن مواردی که خارج از اراده افراد شکل گرفته است همچون قومیتها، جایگاهها و گرایشهای مختلف به منصه ظهور میرسد. با مطالعه و تمرکز بر مولفههای حقوق همبستگی و مداقه بر ظرفیتها و کارکرد مراسم حج، ارتباط بین آنها نشان داده شد و لزوم برخورداری از دیپلماسی فعال برای همراهی کشورهای مسلمان جهت بهرهگیری از ظرفیت بسیار بالای حج در راه رسیدن به اتحادی فراتر از جهان اسلام درسطح جهانی مورد اشاره قرار گرفت.    Introduction Hajj, as a form of worship with a political impact due to its nature and potential for effectiveness at a global level, can be considered an example of solidarity rights that are discussed in human rights. These rights are known as collective rights and belong to the individual but are in the form of a society. Rights such as the right to peace, the right to development, the right to self-determination, and the right to enjoy a healthy environment transcend national borders and territories and express solidarity and unity among humans. Methodology This article is a descriptive essay aimed at explaining the relationship between the Hajj ceremony as a religious ritual and one of the new and modern concepts of human rights called solidarity rights. In this regard, after stating the theoretical foundations of the research, an attempt was made to explain solidarity rights and the relationship between the existential nature of the Hajj religious ceremony and solidarity rights. Findings Participating in the Hajj ceremony and holding it as a religious event has political and thought-provoking effects. Among its multiple and different messages is ignoring linguistic, ethnic, local and cultural differences for the benefit of the public and creating unity and friendship. Hajj is the only obligation that requires people to cross the borders of their countries, and this indicates that Hajj is not reserved for a specific group or sect. In religious and political statements and speeches, the mentioned issue has been stated as a privilege and advantage for Muslims. That the very existence of Hajj causes unity among Muslims, dialogue, and putting aside differences and reaching reconciliation and understanding. Discussion and Conclusion Looking at the requirements and behaviors considered by religion, Hajj crystallizes as a symbol of solidarity rights. Because both in it, the individual satisfaction of the participant in these rituals, whose characteristics and features include movement along and in line with the group, is realized, and the unity and solidarity of human groups, regardless of artificially created national borders and individual characteristics of humans, and those things that have been formed outside the will of individuals, such as ethnicities, positions, and different tendencies, come to the fore. By studying and focusing on the components of solidarity rights and examining the capacities and functions of the Hajj ceremony, the connection between them was shown, and the need for active diplomacy to accompany Muslim countries to take advantage of the very high capacity of the Hajj on the way to achieving unity beyond the Islamic world was pointed out at the global level. The point that has been achieved as an achievement and result of this research work is that Hajj can be considered a symbol of the rights of solidarity and unity and the closeness of the hearts of people around the world. This unique opportunity of empathy and solidarity should be used to reach each other and peace and friendship around the world. A world where hostility and hostility are the main methods of many statesmen and governments in their relations with each other, and instead of constructive interaction and creating a space for peaceful coexistence, they only think about dominating each other and expanding their influence and power at any cost, even by killing and displacing others. In this situation, which has become the main feature of the international system.   حج, حقوق بشر, حقوق همبستگی, حق بر گردشگری مذهبی, حق بر اجرای مناسک و مراسم مذهبی. Hajj, Human Rights, Solidarity Rights, The Right To Religious Tourism, The Right To Perform Religious Rites And Ceremonies. 21 40 http://priw.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-1012-6&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Mojtaba Ansarian مجتبی انصاریان M_Ansarian@pnu.ac.ir 10031947532846009193 10031947532846009193 Yes Associate Professor, Department of Public International Law, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran. . دانشیار، گروه حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران. Heidari Bahareh بهاره حیدری Baharheydari@pnu.ac.ir. 10031947532846009194 10031947532846009194 No Assistant Professor, Department of Public International Law, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran استادیار، گروه حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، دانشکده حقوق و علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران